Fistula is abnormal opening between two tubular organs. Females generate fistula in urinary and reproductive tract such as-

Vesico vaginal fistula: abnormal opening between vagina and bladder.

Uretero vaginal fistula: abnormal opening between the vagina and the ureter.

Urethro vaginal fistula: abnormal opening between the vagina and the urethra.

These fistulas are the result of trauma, pelvic surgery, infection or inflammatory bowel disease. This occurs during childbirth when the labour is long and protracted.

The fistulas usually lead to constant leakage of urine and stool from the vagina, irritation in female genital organs; frequent UTI’s and other symptoms include vomiting diarrhea and abdominal pain.